PMC

Each sample was irradiated by a 785-nm laser at an output power of 50 mW for 1 s, and the average of three recorded spectra was taken as the measured spectrum. The focal positions of the laser for the soda-lime glass with a hole, flat soda-lime glass, and flat synthetic quartz glass slide were respectively set to 300, 700, and 700 μm from the lower surface of the cover glass.

Occlusal margin microleakage between different groups.
Notes: There was no significant difference between groups. Nevertheless, CEC group presented more microleakage values.
Abbreviations: CEC, conventional enamel composite; CEGIC, conventional enamel glass ionomer cement; LEC, laser enamel composite; LEGIC, laser enamel glass ionomer cement; LCEC, laser conventional enamel composite; LCEGIC, laser conventional enamel glass ionomer cement.

(a) Scheme of Yb²⁺-doped glass laser; (b) a simple glass solid laser cavity with Yb²⁺ glass and (c) super-broadband fluorescence of Yb²⁺-doped glass in the F–P cavity using a 405 nm laser pump.

CO₂ laser-induced peeling of glass strips from a soda lime slide under a laser duty cycle of 0.15 and scan speed of 240 mm/s. (a) A plane view of glass strips, (b) an enlarged plane view of a continuous glass strip, (c) top view of a microgroove formed by glass strip peeling, (d) top view of a glass strip, and (e) backside view of the glass strip. (a) and (c) are optical images and (b), (d), and (e) are SEM images.